![]() ![]() Nerve compressionĬompression of the sciatic nerve, or the spinal nerve root, can cause back pain. A decrease in this cushioning can cause pain. As people age, these disks can wear down. The intervertebral disks cushion the vertebrae. It can affect the joints in the spine, causing stiffness and back pain. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions bones wears down, causing the bones to rub against each other. Osteoporosis of the spine can lead to back pain, structural irregularities, and height reduction. This can cause the bones to fracture more easily.įemales and people over the age of 50 have a higher risk of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition wherein the bones lose their density and become more fragile. ![]() Lordosis creates an abnormal arch in the lower back. Lordosis of the lumbar spine: People may refer to this condition as swayback.Kyphosis causes an abnormal outward curvature of the upper back. Kyphosis of the thoracic spine: People may also refer to this condition as hunchback.The spine may appear to form an “S” or “C” shape, rather than a straight line. Scoliosis: Scoliosis causes a sideways curvature of the spine.These muscles include:Ī range of conditions can affect the back, including: Abnormal curves in the spineĪbnormal curves in the spine can include: The intrinsic, or deep, muscles allow for movements such as rotation and bending. These muscles include the serratus posterior inferior and the serratus posterior superior. The intermediate muscles connect to the ribs and support respiration. The superficial, or extrinsic, back muscles allow for the movement of the limbs. The sections below cover these in more detail. These are called the superficial, intermediate, and intrinsic muscles. There are three different groups of muscles in the back. The spinal cord has five sections of spinal nerves branching off. carry out bodily functions, such as breathing, urinating, and having bowel movements.regulate body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate.feel sensations, such as heat, cold, and vibrations.have an awareness of the position of limbs.More specifically, the spinal cord allows the body to: It consists of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain. The spinal cord runs from the neck down to the lower back. These two ligaments connect and support the spine from the neck to the lower back. Two of the main ligaments in the back are the anterior longitudinal ligament and the posterior longitudinal ligament. Ligaments are tough, flexible bands of connecting tissue that join bones to other bones. It joins to ligaments and muscles around the pelvis. This consists of four vertebrae fused together. The coccyx: The coccyx is the base, or tailbone, of the spine.The sacrum has five vertebrae fused together. The sacrum: The sacrum is the bottom part of the spine, which connects to the hip bones.The lumbar spine: The lumbar spine is the lower part of the back.The thoracic spine helps keep the body upright and stable. The thoracic spine: The thoracic spine is the middle part of the spine, connecting the cervical and lumbar spine.The cervical spine protects the nerves connecting to the brain, allowing the head to move freely while supporting its weight. The cervical spine: The cervical spine is the top part of the spine.From the top of the spine to the bottom, these sections are: A disk sits in-between each vertebra to cushion the bones from any shocks. This protects the spinal cord inside.įacet joints connect each vertebra, with fluid supporting the free movement of these joints. The spine is composed of 33 bones called vertebrae, which stack together to form the spinal canal. The sections below will cover these elements in more detail. The back comprises the spine and spinal nerves, as well as several different muscle groups.
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